IDDF2024-ABS-0435 Distinct patterns in the incidence of proximal and distal colon cancer subtypes: a comprehensive global analysis

<h3>Background</h3> Colon cancer is a prevalent malignancy and a leading contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Distinct subtypes of colon cancer based on anatomical location (proximal and distal) exhibit significant differences in risk factors, epidemiological patterns, and prognostic outcomes. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the latest global incidence of proximal and distal colon cancer subtypes using international and national cancer registry data. <h3>Methods</h3> Colon cancer incidence data for the year 2022, stratified by proximal and distal subtypes, were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) Volume XII. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using the world standard population. <h3>Results</h3> The estimated global incidence of colon cancer in 2022 was 10.7 per 100,000 individuals, with a total of 1,141,864 cases. Proximal colon cancer accounted for 50.8% of cases, while distal colon cancer comprised 49.2%. Proximal colon cancer was more prevalent among females (55.1%) compared to males (47.0%), while distal colon cancer was more common in both younger (50.4%) and older age groups (53.0%). Geographically, the highest incidence of proximal colon cancer was observed in North America (63.2%), Oceania (61%), and Northern Europe (57.4%), whereas the highest proportion of distal colon cancer cases was noted in North Africa (61.8%), Eastern Europe (57.6%), and sub-Saharan Africa (55.7%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The global distribution of proximal and distal colon cancer subtypes reveals distinct patterns in terms of sex, age, and regional variations. These findings underscore the need for tailored prevention strategies, early detection measures, screening programs, and treatment approaches for different subtypes of colon cancer to address the unique epidemiological and clinical characteristics of this disease.