Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae) and its effect on blood clotting and biofilm formation of some wound bacterial isolates

Physalis angulata a member of the Solanaceae family, is a plant recognized for its significant nutritional and medicinal properties. Widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions, this plant has garnered attention for its diverse biological activities. The ethanol extract from the plant is being used in this study to investigate its biological and antioxidant properties. The ability of the extract to reduce free radicals was also tested using the compound phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The DPPH method was used because it is a modern color method and is considered the most common and easy to apply, in addition to its speed and superior sensitivity in testing antioxidants for samples of plant extracts, and the values were compared with the value of ascorbic acid IC50. The study also looks at the extract's ability to prevent the formation of biofilms by different pathogens, including E. coli and Staphylococcus strains that were isolated from community labs and Ramadi Teaching Hospital. The ethanol extract demonstrated a noteworthy ability to inhibit the formation of cellular membranes in staphylococcal bacteria and E. coli. The efficacy of the extract at different concentrations (150, 200, 250 mg/mL) was also assessed, revealing that a concentration of 250 mg/mL resulted in significant inhibition rates (74.3% and 61.45% for E. coli). Furthermore, the study explores the impact of ethanol extract on blood coagulation. At high concentrations (150, 200, 250 mg/mL), the extract exhibited properties akin to aspirin and warfarin, extending the clotting times in both total and partial coagulation tests (Prothrombin time, Partial thromboplastin time) at lower concentrations (100, 50, 10 mg/mL), the extract appeared to promote blood clot formation, suggesting a concentration-dependent effect on hemostasis. This dual action positions P.angulate as a potential therapeutic agent, warranting further investigation into its biomedical applications.