In Which Patients Do the 2023 Duke-ISCVID Criteria for Infective Endocarditis Increase the Diagnosis of “Definite Endocarditis”?—A Preliminary Analysis in the Prospectively Evaluated DERIVE Cohort

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Recently, an update of the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis has been published: the 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria. To gain an insight into which proportion of patients are affected by the new criteria, and which criteria might be the most relevant for the expected increase in sensitivity, we analysed data from a registry of cardiovascular infections. <b>Methods:</b> The 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria were applied to patients who were diagnosed with and treated for endocarditis after having been classified as "possible" endocarditis according to the 2015 ESC Modified Duke criteria. In patients thus newly classified as "definite endocarditis", diagnostic factors leading to this reclassification were described. <b>Results:</b> Of 397 patients, 48 (12%) did not fulfil the definition "definite infectious endocarditis" according to the 2015 ESC Modified Duke criteria. Of these, six (13%) fulfilled the definition when the 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria were applied. A main factor triggering this reclassification was the consideration of microorganisms identified using valve PCR. <b>Conclusions:</b> As expected, the sensitivity of the new 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria is increased in this cohort, mainly through the incorporation of new diagnostic methods in the criteria. Further studies are required to assess the effect on specificity in detail.