ENHANCING HEAT TRANSFER WITH NEW HYBRID NANOFLUIDS TYPE CORE@SHELL NANOPARTICLES

This numerical study aims to enhance heat transfer in non-uniformly heated systems using a novel hybrid of core@shell nanoparticles with a ZnO@Ag structure. The primary objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of these nanoparticles in improving thermal performance. The analysis spans a range of Rayleigh numbers while maintaining a constant nanoparticle density of 0.1%. The finite volume method is employed to solve the governing equations, using the second-order upwind method for convection contributions and the SIMPLE approach for coupling velocity and pressure fields. Pressure discretization is performed using the PRESTO method, and convergence is ensured with an under-relaxation scheme, achieving an absolute residual below 10<sup>-6</sup>. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in Nusselt numbers, with ZnO@Ag nanoparticles achieving a 20.15% enhancement. This improvement is attributed to the even coating of Ag, which possesses superior thermal properties onto ZnO, leading to increased overall thermal conductivity. These findings underscore the promising potential of core@shell nanoparticles for enhancing heat transfer in engineering applications. This study motivates further research and optimization efforts to harness the full potential of these advanced materials in thermal management systems.