Nano-eco catalysis: carbendazim degradation by engineered BiVO₄ nanoparticles

Abstract This study utilized the solvothermal approach for the effective synthesis of BiVO 4 nanoparticles. Morphological examination of BiVO 4 was conducted via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the elemental composition was determined using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The crystallinity and functional groups were assessed through x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively.The synthesized material’s efficacy in UV-induced breakdown of carbendazim was investigated. The study explored various factors affecting the photodegradation process, including radiation duration, initial concentration of carbendazim, catalyst dosage, and catalyst regeneration. Interesingly, 97% degradation of carbendazim was observed at optimized conditions. These results emphasise the potential of BiVO 4 nanoparticles as catalysts for environmental remediation applications, especially in the degradation of harmful contaminants.