Research progress and prospects of high-energy neutrino radiation in supermassive black hole accretion disks

<p indent="0mm">In recent years, with the operation of a series of gravitational wave, high-energy neutrino, and electromagnetic radiation telescopes, astronomical research has entered the era of multi-messenger research. It is believed that the accretion disks around supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei contain a wealth of stars and compact stars, as well as binary systems they form, whose evolution on the accretion disk can produce various types of astrophysical phenomena, generating multi-messenger signals including gravitational waves, electromagnetic radiation, and high-energy neutrinos. The astrophysical activities on the accretion disks of active galactic nuclei have aroused great interest in the astrophysical community due to the uniqueness of their environment. The accretion disks and the nuclear environment of active galactic nuclei are very complex, and high-energy neutrinos can easily escape from such a complex environment, becoming a unique and effective messenger to help us understand the astrophysical burst processes in the accretion disk. This paper briefly reviews the research progress of high-energy neutrino radiation for the different astrophysical transient sources within the accretion disks of active galactic nuclei in recent years, including the jets and winds formed by the remnant black hole of binary stellar-mass black holes in the accretion disk, and the high-energy neutrino production in the interaction process of gamma-ray bursts and supernovae with disk matter. Especially for the process of binary black hole mergers and the short gamma-ray burst process of binary neutron star mergers, which is an important target for ground gravitational wave detector, if they occur on the accretion disk, they can also produce considerable high-energy neutrino radiation. For the joint detection of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos, current gravitational wave detection equipment and neutrino detectors have made some searches, but there are no associated detection results yet. The successful joint detection of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos in the future will undoubtedly be an important advancement in the field of astrophysics. The long gamma-ray bursts and supernovae that occur on the accretion disk can accelerate high-energy particles during the interaction of their jets or ejecta with the disk material. The rich gas and radiation field on the accretion disk can provide additional target particles for hadronic reactions, which can greatly improve the efficiency of hadronic reactions, thereby producing considerable high-energy neutrino radiation. We are also looking forward to detecting associated electromagnetic radiation and high-energy neutrino radiation for these sources. This paper summarizes the typical neutrino detection expectations produced by different astrophysical processes and their contribution to the diffuse neutrino background. Currently, the information on various astrophysical processes on the accretion disk, including event rate, location and redshift evolution, is still very unclear, leading to a large range of uncertainty in their contribution to the diffuse neutrino background. However, we can combine the current observations of diffuse neutrino radiation by the IceCube neutrino detector to constrain the burst information of various astrophysical processes on the accretion disk. With the operation of the next generation of higher performance neutrino detectors, we are looking forward to the relevant equipment helping us to understand the astrophysical activity process on the accretion disk of supermassive black holes more deeply and promoting the development of neutrino astronomy.