Event-related potential (P300) abnormalities and linked autoantibodies as a marker of early Cognitive dysfunction in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus a case - control study

Background: SLE patients frequently have primary central nervous system involvement. Cognitive changes, seizures, psychosis, and headache are a few of the symptoms. P300 is an electrical marker of disrupted CNS that is utilized to identify cognitive dysfunction even at the subclinical stage. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (MoCA) has been used to detect moderate cognitive impairment.Objective: Our study aims to assess and early detection of cognitive dysfunction in SLE (NPSLE or non-NPSLE) patients with P300 latency and MoCA. And to determine the relation of different SLE auto-antibodies and impaired P300 hence as a marker for cognitive dysfunction.Results: Our study included 60 (57 female and 3 male) adult SLE patients with a mean age of 30 years old and 30 (26 female and 4 males) as a control group with a mean age of 34 Years. Regardless of whether there are evident or hidden CNS abnormalities, our current investigation demonstrated that ERP abnormalities are present in SLE patients. All SLE patients had significantly longer P300 delay with lower MoCA scores, indicating that P300 and MoCA are likely connected. Numerous autoantibodies were linked to P300 abnormalities. Conclusion: EP and ERP are electrophysiological indicators of abnormal CNS activity, even in the preclinical state. P300 can be thought of as a biomarker for early CNS impairment in SLE. numerous autoantibodies were linked to P300 aberrations and may be used as a marker for the onset of cognitive impairment.