Effects of different growth hormones on Solanum tuberosum L. callus induction and regeneration

This study was carried out to develop a protocol for callus induction, regeneration, shoot, and root induction in two potato cultivars (Riviera and Almonda) that can be further used to develop genetically modified plants. Callus was induced from leaf and internodal explants on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) supplemented with different combinations of hormones. The highest percentage of callus induction was obtained from the internodal explants of Riviera cultivar was 100% in Callus Induction Media I (CIM I) supplemented with 2 mg/L Benzyl Adenine (BA), 0.2 mg/L ?-Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), 2 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 0.2 mg/L Kinetin (Kin) and 0.2 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA3). After one-month calli were shifted to Shoot Induction Media I and II (SIM I and SIM II), the highest percentage for shoot induction was 33.3% with the leaf explants of Riviera cultivar on SIM II supplemented with 2 mg/L BA, 0.2 mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L Kin and 0.2 mg/L GA3. The root induction percentage was 100% for both cultivars. Regenerated potato plants had normal leaf shapes with uniform morphology. These findings provide valuable insights for developing tissue culture protocols for potato regeneration, which are essential for genetic engineering and potato breeding programs.