Adsorption Dynamics of Uremic Toxins to Cyclodextrin-Coated Magnetic Nano-Adsorbents

Chronic kidney disease entails a progressive decline in kidney function, hindering the kidneys' ability to excrete fluid, electrolytes, and metabolites. This dysfunction leads to metabolite accumulation in the bloodstream, which can reach toxic concentrations. Hemodialysis is an effective means of treating patients with kidney failure, but it does not clear all toxins effectively. Engineered nano-adsorbents can potentially improve the removal of retained toxins, particularly protein-bound types. Magnetic nanoparticles coated with α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin were synthesized, and physicochemical properties were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and ζ-potential for their physiochemical properties. The effect of surface chemistry and incubation time on toxin adsorption was investigated using quantitative mass spectrometry techniques. All particle types demonstrated toxin adsorption to some level. Overall, the adsorption process was independent of metabolite concentration, suggesting a dynamic interplay between surface properties and solution composition. This insight will contribute to developing innovative adsorbent films designed to remove uremic toxins effectively.