Coke evolution study in a liquid atomization into gas-solid fluidized bed to convert fructose to value-added chemicals

Glucose and fructose are valuable compounds, which have the potential to displace fossil fuels as a feedstock for highly valued products. One of the promising reactions is the oxi-dehydration of fructose to produce Hydroxymethylfurfural, 2,5-diformylfuran, and furfural. Current processes to produce platform chemicals like Hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, and 2,5-diformylfuran operate in liquid phase with homogeneous heterogeneous catalyst, but commercialization is limited by scale and environmental impact of the large volume solvent required. Here we developed a gas-phase process to convert fructose in a fluidized bed reactor over Mo − V − WO3/TiO2. However, in the catalytic oxi-dehydration of fructose, coke forms on active sites and decreases conversion but increases selectivity. Coke and reactor performance depends on fructose concentration and O2/fructose ratio. In the first 2 h, acidic amorphous coke accumulates (based on TPO, FTIR, and UV–vis). Feeding excess O2 maintains coke in an amorphous structure and liberates oxide sites. Whereas coke promotes, water block active site reducing yield. In this work, we optimized the operating parameters of fructose concentration (%) and O2/fructose ratio, while simultaneously mitigating the issues associated with coke formation and its detrimental effects.