Refractive index in the JUNO liquid scintillator
In the field of rare event physics, it is common to have huge masses of organic liquid scintillator as detection medium. In particular, they are widely used to study neutrino properties or astrophysical neutrinos. Thanks to its safety properties (such as low toxicity and high flash point) and easy scalability, linear alkyl benzene is the most common solvent used to produce liquid scintillators for large mass experiments. The knowledge of the refractive index is a pivotal point to understand the detector response, as this quantity (and its wavelength dependence) affects the Cherenkov radiation and photon propagation in the medium. In this paper, we report the measurement of the refractive index of the JUNO liquid scintillator between 260–1064 nm performed with two different methods to cover wide range of refractive index (an ellipsometer and a refractometer), with a sub percent level precision. In addition, we used an interferometer to measure the group velocity in the JUNO liquid scintillator and verify the expected value derived from the refractive index measurements.
Authors
- L. Votano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1772-1328)
- F. Ferraro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2031-7879)
- M.G. Giammarchi
- C. Sirignano
- Andrea Triossi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-9154)
- Andrea Serafini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9191-661X)
- Raimondo Bruno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6673-833X)
- D. Orestano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5103-5527)
- Edoardo Suerra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5695-698X)
- N. Giudice (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9523-9694)
- A. Romani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7338-0097)
- A. Martini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8909-8048)
- M. Nastasi
- M. Sisti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2517-1909)
- G. Verde (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8622-8297)
- R. Caruso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-8731)
- Arsenii Gavrikov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6741-5409)
- F. Petrucci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5278-2206)
- A. Re (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-7802)
- H.S. Zhang
- Giuseppe Andronico (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-5021)
- L. Miramonti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-5363)
- E. Previtali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0028-718X)
- S. Cialdi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-927X)
- V. Antonelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9680-0149)
- Rosa Maria Guizzetti
- D. Basilico (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5662-9236)
- G. Ranucci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-8191)
- Fabio Mantovani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1200-0174)
- Andrea Barresi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-0903)
- M. Grassi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2422-6736)
- G. Sava
- Nunzio Guardone
- Beatrice Jelmini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-9929)
- Carlo Venettacci
- R. Brugnera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-3992)
- Vanessa Cerrone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-8804)
- I. Lippi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8181-3905)
- S. Dusini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1128-0664)
- M. Montuschi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-5030)
- Bernardo Ricci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6161-4098)
- Virginia Strati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7271-5353)
- Catia Clementi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0470-2870)
- Marco Danilo Claudio Torri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8022-3495)
- Antonio Bergnoli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-8123)
- F. Ortica (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8276-452X)
- A. Paoloni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-7799)
- Lorenzo Loi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7904-3731)
- Claudio Lombardo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-1862)
- A. Budano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-1131)
- A. Garfagnini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0658-1830)
- Samuele Altilia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6543-0456)
- M. Redchuck
- Antonio Cammi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-5935)
- Lorenzo Lastrucci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4455-389X)
- Cecilia Landini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4717-488X)
- Gabriel Reina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4079-9753)
- Andrea Fabbri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6447-9968)
- A. Brigatti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6081-3711)
- P. Lombardi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0853-3154)
- M. Borghesi
- P. Saggese (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7763-3277)
- S. Aiello (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8435-2684)
- E. Percalli
- E. Stanescu Farilla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2472-5515)
- C. Tuvé (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0739-3153)
- D. Chiesa
- Marco Beretta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7114-5200)
- G. F. Cao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-3665)
- B. Caccianiga
- S. M. Mari
- G. Felici
- Z. Y. Deng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5662-3113)
- L. Stanco
- J.H. Huang
Institutions
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (IT)
- Institute of High Energy Physics (CN)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Published
- 2024-08-10
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2024.169730
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Neutrino Physics Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.64
Funders
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Institute of High Energy Physics