The bias and precision of reporting the average age of human participants

Most research papers in psychology study the behaviour of a sample of participants. To characterise this sample, authors report various characteristics, frequently including the mean age and the associated standard deviation. However, based on reports from authors who publish in Acta Psychologica and from respondents on X/Twitter, the present paper shows that some authors use rounded-down ages whereas others don't, which lead to an uncertainty of 0.5 year in the average age. The results furthermore show that the authors tend to report the average age with two decimals precision, irrespective of the uncertainty of this average. I recommend that publications should explicitly mention how the average age is determined and report its value using a number of decimals that reflects its uncertainty.

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Publication Details

Journal
Acta Psychologica
Published
2024-08-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104457
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.71
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article

The bias and precision of reporting the average age of human participants

Jeroen B. J. Smeets
1 citations
Acta Psychologica
Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
1.71
article

The bias and precision of reporting the average age of human participants

Jeroen B. J. Smeets
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Most research papers in psychology study the behaviour of a sample of participants. To characterise this sample, authors report various characteristics, frequently including the mean age and the associated standard deviation. However, based on reports from authors who publish in Acta Psychologica and from respondents on X/Twitter, the present paper shows that some authors use rounded-down ages whereas others don't, which lead to an uncertainty of 0.5 year in the average age. The results furthermore show that the authors tend to report the average age with two decimals precision, irrespective of the uncertainty of this average. I recommend that publications should explicitly mention how the average age is determined and report its value using a number of decimals that reflects its uncertainty.

Acta PsychologicaVol. 249
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Openalex Percentile: Top 15%
Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
1.71
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