Optimization of Polysaccharides Extraction from Physalis alkekengi L. Peel and Its Effect on the Expression of Inflammation-Related Proteins in SW620 Cells

Objective: To establish an optimized aqueous extraction process for polysaccharides from Physalis alkekengi L. peel and to preliminarily explore its in vitro anti-inflammatory activity against colorectal cancer SW620 cells. Methods: A single-factor test combined with orthogonal test analysis was used to evaluate the effects of the material-to-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time on the yield of polysaccharides from Physalis alkekengi L. peel. The antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides was assessed by analyzing their free radical scavenging ability in vitro, and the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using SW620 cells. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were a material-to-liquid ratio of m(g):V(mL) = 1:30, an extraction temperature of 100°C, and an extraction time of 40 minutes, with a predicted polysaccharide yield of 25.7%. The polysaccharides from Physalis peruviana peel effectively scavenged DPPH, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals. After treatment with Physalis peruviana polysaccharides, the levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α in the cell culture medium were significantly reduced, and the phosphorylation level of P65 protein in SW620 cells was decreased. Conclusion: This extraction method is stable and reliable, and the prepared Physalis alkekengi L. polysaccharides exhibit significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing drugs for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.