Recent advances in the development of single atom catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction

Recent advances in single atom catalysts (SACs) have demonstrated significant potential for enhancing catalytic performance in various chemical reactions due to their unique properties, such as maximized atom utilization, uniform active sites, and lower metal loading. These advantages lead to enhanced catalytic activity, stability, and efficiency, making SACs a promising alternative to traditional catalysts. This review comprehensively covers the fundamentals, synthesis methods, and recent advances in applications of SACs for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with a particular focus on their advantages over traditional catalysts, detailing novel carrier materials and different metal-based SACs, including platinum group elements and nonprecious metals. The discussion section evaluates the catalytic activity, efficiency, stability, scalability, and simulation aspects of SACs. Concluding with insights into future research directions, this review highlights the transformative potential of SACs in catalysis and their promising outlook for future advancements.