Determination of Hydrogen Bonds in GROMACS: A New Implementation to Overcome Memory Limitation

This work introduces a new faster implementation of the hydrogen bond network (complex arrangement of hydrogen bonds between or within molecules) search algorithm in biomacromolecules and their environment. Existing implementation of such an algorithm in GROMACS [Abraham et al. <i>GROMACS 2024.2 Manual</i>. 2024.] has limitations in the analysis of large structures and trajectories. The new implementation, in the form of a native GROMACS trajectory analysis module, allows for quick analysis of molecular dynamics trajectories without restrictions, thus overcoming the limitations of the original algorithm. The application of the developed method enabled the acquisition and analysis of hydrogen bond networks in the studied defensin-like protein <i>Pentadiplandra brazzeana</i>, as well as the study of hydrogen bond occupancies between the protein's residues and water molecules. The data obtained using the new implementation coincided with the experimental data.