Epidemiology of ophthalmologic cases in care: Literature review

Objective: to evaluate the management of ophthalmologic cases in emergency care services based on studies and case reports, highlighting the main conclusions and recommendations found in the scientific literature. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in the following databases: PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scielo, Scorpus, and Google Scholar. To aid in the search, the following keywords were used: "Ophthalmology"; "Ophthalmological Trauma"; "Management in Emergency Care". Studies were selected based on their relevance to the topic and included those that addressed causes, types of lesions, epidemiological profile, and therapeutic approaches related to cases treated in ophthalmological emergency care. All studies that did not meet the centraltheme or that were not available in full for analysis were excluded. Results: The reviewed studies provided an epidemiological view of ophthalmologic cases treated in emergency care services. Among the findings, it was highlighted that ophthalmologic trauma can be caused by a variety of causes, such as car accidents, falls, aggressions and sports injuries. The most common injuries are open eye trauma, scleral perforation, and eye degloving. Epidemiological studies also show the distribution of cases by age, gender and predominant causes, and within clinical care, conjunctivitis is the most common disease. Conclusion: Ophthalmologic management in the emergency room is extremely complex, requiring immediate treatment. Studies highlight the diversity of causesand associated injuries, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches. Finally, managing eye trauma in emergencies requires individualized approaches and expertise due to the variety of injuries and causes involved.