3D‐Printed Hydrogel‐Based Flexible Electrochromic Device for Wearable Displays
Flexible electrochromic devices (FECDs) are widely explored for diverse applications including wearable electronics, camouflage, and smart windows. However, the manufacturing process of patterned FECDs remains complex, costly, and non-customizable. To address this challenge, a strategy is proposed to prepare integrated FECDs via multi-material direct writing 3D printing. By designing novel viologen/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel inks and systematically evaluating the printability of various inks, seamless interface integration can be achieved, enabling streamlined manufacturing of patterned FECDs with continuous production capabilities. The resultant 3D-printed FECDs exhibit excellent electrochromic and mechanical properties, including high optical contrast (up to 54% at 360 nm), nice cycling stability (less than 5% electroactivity reduction after 10 000 s), and mechanical stability (less than 19% optimal contrast decrease after 5000 cycles of bending). The potential applications of these 3D-printed hydrogel-based FECDs are further demonstrated in wearable electronics, camouflage, and smart windows.
Authors
- Hanjun Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5404-8024)
- Baoyang Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4663-4706)
- Zhaoxian Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7017-3956)
- Rongtai Wan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7284-408X)
- Jingkun Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0720-8045)
- Xiaoyu Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2192-837X)
- Lixia Yan
- Manting Song
Institutions
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University (CN)
- East China University of Technology (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Advanced Science
- Published
- 2024-08-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202404679
- Citations
- 116
- Primary Topic
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 21.40
Funders
- Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province
- Education Department of Jiangxi Province
- Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Key Laboratory Of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Foundation of Jiangxi Educational Commission
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province