Cooking Energy Consumption, Preferences and Effect Among Rural and Urban Households in Katsina State, Nigeria

Despite efforts by Nigerian government, the country has continuously faced immense challenges in providing clean, safe and sustainable cooking energy solutions for its citizens. This seems to characterize distinctive households. The study investigated cooking energy (CE) consumption preference and effect among rural and urban households in Katsina State. A sample of 192 rural and urban households was selected using multistage sampling technique from all Katsina State households. Descriptive survey design and structured questionnaire were adopted in collecting data on CE forms, preference, reasons, effect, and constraints. Frequency counts, percentages, means, PPMC, Chi-square, and t-test were used in data analysis. Results revealed that mean age and income were similar across groups. Urban households (UB) had higher educational attainment compared to rural households (RH). Both households were characterized by married individuals with children. Charcoal and firewood emerged preferred CE sources, with unexpectedly higher among UB. Gas usage was prevalent, while rising kerosene and electricity prices drove shifts away from these sources. RH exhibited high consumption of charcoal, firewood, and biomass residues. Ease of use, versatility, better taste, and cleanliness were key reasons for CE preferences across households. Statistical analyses revealed a significant positive but weak to moderate relationship between effects scores and CE preferences among RH. Education and gender demonstrated significant associations with CE preferences, in RH. The comparison of mean CE consumption showed a slightly higher level in RH, but the difference was not statistically significant. The findings underscore the importance of tailored energy policies and interventions, addressing constraints related to fire risk, costs, access, technical knowledge, and income opportunities. Consideration of demographic factors is crucial, especially in rural settings where disparities in income, education and preference may persist.