Graphene-skinned alumina fiber fabricated through metalloid-catalytic graphene CVD growth on nonmetallic substrate and its mass production

Graphene growth on widely used dielectrics/insulators via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a strategy toward transfer-free applications of CVD graphene for the realization of advanced composite materials. Here, we develop graphene-skinned alumina fibers/fabrics (GAFs/GAFFs) through graphene CVD growth on commercial alumina fibers/fabrics (AFs/AFFs). We reveal a vapor-surface-solid growth model on a non-metallic substrate, which is distinct from the well-established vapor-solid model on conventional non-catalytic non-metallic substrates, but bears a closer resemblance to that observed on catalytic metallic substrates. The metalloid-catalytic growth of graphene on AFs/AFFs resulted in reduced growth temperature (~200 °C lower) and accelerated growth rate (~3.4 times faster) compared to that obtained on a representative non-metallic counterpart, quartz fiber. The fabricated GAFF features a wide-range tunable electrical conductivity (1-15000 Ω sq^-1), high tensile strength (>1.5 GPa), lightweight, flexibility, and a hierarchical macrostructure. These attributes are inherited from both graphene and AFF, making GAFF promising for various applications including electrical heating and electromagnetic interference shielding. Beyond laboratory level preparation, the stable mass production of large-scale GAFF has been achieved through a home-made roll-to-roll system with capacity of 468-93600 m²/year depending on product specifications, providing foundations for the subsequent industrialization of this material, enabling its widespread adoption in various industries.