Empowering crop cultivation: harnessing internet of things for smart agriculture monitoring

Agriculture, the foundation of human civilization, has relied on manual practices in the face of unpredictable weather for millennia. The contemporary era, however, witnesses the transformative potential of the Internet of things (IoT) in agriculture. This paper introduces an innovative IoT-driven smart agriculture system empowered by Arduino technology, making a significant contribution to the field. It integrates key components: a temperature sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a light-dependent resistor, a water pump, and a Wi-Fi module. The system vigilantly monitors vital environmental parameters: temperature, light intensity, and soil moisture levels. Upon surpassing 30°C, an automatic cooling fan alleviates heat stress, while sub-300CD light levels trigger light-emitting diode lighting for optimal growth. Real-time soil moisture data is relayed to the “Blynk” mobile app. Temperature thresholds align with specific crops, and users can manage the water pump via Blynk when manual intervention is required. This work advances agricultural practices, optimizing water management by crop type. Through precise coordination of soil moisture, temperature, and light intensity, the system enhances productivity while conserving water resources and maintaining fertilizer balance.