Advancements and Challenges in Electrical Impedance Myography (EIM): A Comprehensive Overview of Technology Development, Applications in Sports Health, and Future Directions

ElectricalImpedance Myography (EIM) is an innovative, non-invasive technique offering a convenient means of localized exogenous electrophysiological recording. By measuring muscle impedance parameters, this method characterizes the physiological state of muscles, functioning as a biomarker for muscle contractility, injuries, and the progression of neuromuscular diseases. This paper provides an overview of the current state of EIM technology development, along with modeling and data analysis methods, focusing on their application requirements. It further highlights the advancements in EIM research within the realm of sports health, emphasizing its efficacy in identifying injuries and monitoring wound healing, and discusses existing technological limitations. Additionally, the paper explores future research directions. Serving as a transient biosensor during physical activity, EIM holds significant potential in sports health. It presents a promising alternative to invasive and costly clinical assessment methods, positioning itself as a viable personal monitoring tool for both professional athletes and fitness enthusiasts. Nevertheless, the resolution of technical challenges and the establishment of industry-standard implementation programs are essential prerequisites for EIM to evolve into a standard clinical assessment tool.