Relationship between Roughness and Wettability of Nine Types of Implant Surfaces and Potential Interference of Surface Oxygen and Carbon: In Vitro Evaluation

The roughness and hydrophilicity values exhibited considerable variation among the tested surfaces. Aside from the CPD surface, comparable concentrations of carbon and oxygen were detected. Although correlations between roughness and hydrophilicity were observed only for the ZAED, DAES, and MI surfaces, these correlations were inadequate to establish a causal relationship between the two surface characteristics.