Intra-abdominal retroperitoneal fetus in fetu: A case report

Fetus in fetu (FIF) is a rare abnormality where a vertebrate parasitic fetus develops inside the body of another normally developing fetus. It is distinct from teratomas, tumors composed of cells from multiple germ layers and have malignant potential. Symptoms of FIF arise from the mass effect, causing abdominal distension, feeding difficulties, and pressure effects on organs. FIF is commonly found in the retroperitoneal region but can also occur in other locations. It often includes certain organs such as the vertebral column, limbs, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, vessels, and genitourinary tract. Early diagnosis of FIF by ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging can improve patient outcomes. Surgical resection is the primary treatment approach, aiming to alleviate symptoms, and molecular analysis helps differentiate FIF from malignant teratomas. Regular follow-up is necessary due to the potential recurrence of teratomas.