Green Ammonia Production: The Performance of Global Systems in Eco-Indicator 99 and Circular Economy Metrics

The increasing importance of ammonia (NH3) to agriculture and various other industries (mainly in producing chemicals and energy storage in energy vectors) has led to a focus on producing green ammonia that uses renewable energy sources such as biomass gasification and water electrolysis. This study excels in its comprehensive analysis of life cycle assessment (LCA) and circular economy (CE) metrics applied to NH3 production. Our findings highlight the impact of renewable technologies, particularly wind and solar technology, on material requirements and in the depletion of nonrenewable resources. This novel approach provides a critical insight into the environmental sustainability of NH3 production. The integration of green technologies and CE principles, as demonstrated in this research, offers a strategic balance between meeting industrial demands and promoting sustainable development. This work contributes significantly to the field by outlining environmentally conscious practices in NH3 production and emphasizing the role of green ammonia in both agriculture and the industry, setting a precedent for future research and industrial practices.