Complex-Valued 2D-3D Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network with Attention Mechanism for PolSAR Image Classification

The recently introduced complex-valued convolutional neural network (CV-CNN) has shown considerable advancements for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image classification by effectively incorporating both magnitude and phase information. However, a solitary 2D or 3D CNN encounters challenges such as insufficiently extracting scattering channel dimension features or excessive computational parameters. Moreover, these networks’ default is that all information is equally important, consuming vast resources for processing useless information. To address these issues, this study presents a new hybrid CV-CNN with the attention mechanism (CV-2D/3D-CNN-AM) to classify PolSAR ground objects, possessing both excellent computational efficiency and feature extraction capability. In the proposed framework, multi-level discriminative features are extracted from preprocessed data through hybrid networks in the complex domain, along with a special attention block to filter the feature importance from both spatial and channel dimensions. Experimental results performed on three PolSAR datasets demonstrate our present approach’s superiority over other existing ones. Furthermore, ablation experiments confirm the validity of each module, highlighting our model’s robustness and effectiveness.