Hierarchical game optimization of integrated energy systems with grid-forming energy storage: improved mountaineering team optimization algorithm

This study proposes a hierarchical game approach for grid-forming energy storage to participate in the operational optimization of integrated energy systems. Few studies are on the operational optimization of integrated energy systems with grid-forming energy storage. The microgrid operator is the upper-level leader, and the grid-forming energy storage and user aggregator are the lower-level follower to consider the operation cost, power trading, demand-side management, and voltage supportability. An improved mountaineering team-based optimization (IMTBO) algorithm is proposed based on chaotic mapping for dispersive search to improve the model search effect. The results showed that the IMTBO can reduce the voltage deviation by 23.77% compared to the control case that improves the operational efficiency of the integrated energy system and the distribution network, and rationally optimizes the power allocation and energy price in the system.