Animal-based evidence supports the influence of biogenic silver and gold nanomaterials on the serum lipid profile: A novel approach in antihyperlipidemia management

Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by an imbalance in lipid and lipoprotein levels, which can contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the availability of current antihyperlipidemic medications, a significant number of individuals continue to experience the effects of this condition. Therefore, there is a need to explore innovative pharmaceuticals to address hyperlipidemia. The utilization of nanobiotechnological approaches, specifically materials ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size, has garnered considerable attention in the management of antihyperlipidemia. One potential innovative therapy involves the use of nanosized gold and silver particles synthesized using environmentally friendly methods. Animal research has yielded promising results regarding the impact of these biologically engineered nanostructures on serum lipid profiles. However, it is important to note that a comprehensive review discussing the efficacy of these biogenic nanostructures in antihyperlipidemic therapy is currently lacking. In this review, our objective is not only to provide an overview of recent advancements in the biosynthesis of nanomaterials, but also to present animal-based evidence supporting the effectiveness of environmentally fabricated colloidal gold and silver particles in antihyperlipidemic therapy. Our findings indicate that, in most studies, the administration of bioengineered nanosized gold and silver particles led to a significant reduction in triglyceride (TG), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol levels, while concurrently increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Despite the favorable performance of these nanomaterials in antihyperlipidemia management, further investigations are necessary to determine the optimal dosage and assess acute and chronic toxicity.