Harnessing RES Potential in Balkan Peninsula

Abstract The Balkan Peninsula presents a unique and compelling case study for the harnessing of renewable energy sources (RES) to meet growing energy demands sustainably. This paper investigates the current status and future potential of RES deployment across eleven countries in the region: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia. In this comprehensive analysis, we begin by providing an overview of the installed capacity of RES in these countries for the year 2021, drawing upon data from reputable sources such as the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and national energy agencies. Building upon this foundation, we delve into an in-depth examination of the wind and solar energy potential in the region, utilizing geographic information system (GIS) data and modelling techniques to assess resource availability and feasibility. Furthermore, we explore two distinct scenarios for maximizing solar energy deployment in the Balkans. Firstly, we analyse the implications of covering the entire territory of each country with solar panels, estimating the potential electricity production and its relation to current consumption levels. Secondly, we use a more pragmatic approach, focusing on the strategic deployment of solar panels in areas with the highest energy generation potential, while considering land use constraints and environmental considerations. In addition to evaluating the technical and economic aspects of RES deployment, we also quantify the environmental benefits in terms of carbon emissions reduction. By comparing emissions from renewable sources with those from conventional fossil fuel-based electricity generation, we highlight the significant contribution of RES to mitigating climate change and achieving sustainability goals. In conclusion, this paper underscores the immense potential of renewable energy in the Balkans and emphasizes the importance of strategic planning and policy interventions to unlock this potential. By leveraging the region’s abundant natural resources and embracing innovative technologies, the Balkan countries can chart a course towards a more resilient, equitable, and sustainable energy future.