Ground water quality trend analysis: Case study Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh is a water stressed state due to limited precipitation. Moreover, the Utter Pradesh of water supplies is under extra stress due to the country's rapid population growth and rises in industrial and agricultural activity. Various Ground Water Quality parameters data likes pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (TH) and Calcium. This study employs a Ground Water Quality data to identify trends and patterns of Ground Water Quality in the 27 districts of Uttar Pradesh, such as- Prayagraj, Azamgarh, Bahraich, Ballia, Basti, Mirzapur, Pratapgarh, Gonda, Sultanpur, Jaunpur, Ghazipur, Varanasi, Chandauli, Ayodhya, Gorakhpur, Deoria, Shrawasti, Balarampur, Sidharth Nagar, Sant Kabir Nagar, Maharajganj, Kushinagar, Mau, Sonbhadra, Sant Ravidas Nagar, Ambedkar Nagar and Barabanki. Trend analysis of groundwater levels is an essential component of groundwater management, ground water level and five hydro-geochemical elements at 27 districts located of Uttar Pradesh. This study focuses on two prominent methods for trend analysis: the Mann-Kendal test and the Sen’s slope estimator. The methodology of trend analysis is based on graphical exploratory analysis; this is further verified by a statistical test. Mann-Kendal test was performed for trend analysis using R studio software. Sen's estimator was used to calculate the magnitudes of the trends. Mann-Kendall non-parametric test was used for the temporal trend analysis. Since it provides significant increasing or decreasing information about the ground water trend.