Regulatory sandboxes and pilot projects: Trials, regulations, and insights in energy transition

The global energy landscape is evolving, with an increasing focus on sustainability and the transition towards cleaner energy sources. As countries strive to meet their climate goals and reduce carbon emissions, the energy transition has become a critical imperative. In this endeavor, the role of regulatory sandboxes has emerged as a promising approach to foster innovation, accelerate technological advancements and overcome regulatory barriers in the energy sector. Many regulatory authorities introduce legislations incorporating the concept of ‘sandbox’ to create a regulatory framework and an experimental environment that encourages participation and integrates infrastructure with new technologies and business processes for facilitating and accelerating the energy transition. With the help of sandbox applications, the designated test or pilot implementations provide protected spaces for projects to allow regulatory trials and the development of required regulations. This study aims to examine and compare regulatory sandbox and pilot project experiences in selected countries to explore technological requirements, and recommendations for effective regulation. A four-dimensional/key perspectives framework was designed to analyze and compare selected countries. The reviewed projects were qualitatively summarized and categorized in a thematic synthesis based on a combined systematic review approach. Key findings underscore the significance of regulatory frameworks and provide clear guidance to stakeholders in innovative energy initiatives. Furthermore, collaboration, precise project delineations, and the preservation of technology neutrality emerge as crucial factors. Addressing challenges like grid integration, resource limitations, and regulatory adherence prove pivotal for the prosperous evolution of the energy domain. For this reason, the study includes a policy needs framework through experiences and insights in particular.