Biomimetic Leaf-Shaped Wedge Structure with Mixed Wettability for Fog Harvesting

Water scarcity is a pressing issue in arid and semi-arid regions, making fog harvesting a promising method for water collection. However, enhancing the rate of fog harvesting remains a challenge. Controlling the movement of droplets on functional surfaces is crucial for the development of effective water-harvesting devices. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) fog-harvesting device with mixed wettability is fabricated using a combination of physical and chemical techniques. With inspiration drawn from natural organisms, such as the desert beetle and <i>Nephrolepis cordifolia</i>, which can both live in low humidity, a copper substrate with a leaf-shaped wedge superhydrophilic structure and flat superhydrophobic regions is fabricated for fog harvesting. The modified surface results in a maximum 49.89% improvement in fog-harvesting efficiency compared to the original copper substrate. The synergistic effect of the 3D structure and mixed wettability of this study offers an idea for improving fog collection efficiency, with potential implications for energy sustainability water resources.