Responsible Government as an Underenforced Norm of the Australian Constitution: Some Interpretive Consequences

In this article we argue that responsible government is an underenforced constitutional norm and that it has the potential to play an important role in vindicating constitutional values, but through a principle of statutory interpretation — the principle of legality — rather than constitutional review. Constitutionalising responsible government would raise counter-majoritarian concerns and likely introduce rigidity where flexibility is required. We argue that where Parliament cannot or will not discharge its constitutional responsibilities with respect to executive-empowering legislation, the courts ought to apply the principle of legality to restrict the scope of the relevant powers conferred. Of especial concern in this regard are statutes which confer broadly framed powers and discretions on the executive arm of government including the power to make secondary legislation. We explain how the capacity for self-government is diminished in these legislative contexts and why the courts are justified in applying legality to vindicate the constitutional norm of responsible government to the extent interpretively possible.