Understanding the Gas Value Chain in Nigeria as Envisaged by PIA 2021 for Economic Growth

Abstract The primary objective of the Petroleum Industry Act 2021 (PIA) is to address operational and regulatory deficiencies present in the Petroleum Act of 1969, which had been in effect for over 50 years. This is achieved through the establishment of a robust midstream operation regulated by the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA), aimed at developing Nigeria's extensive gas resources estimated at 206 trillion standard cubic feet (TSCF) as of 2018. This paper focuses on investigating and reviewing the historical growth in Nigeria's gas processing and utilization capacity, examining how the newly introduced natural gas value chain, as outlined in the PIA licensing regime, will contribute to further advancing the country's gas resources. The research reveals that more than 70 companies hold gas processing licenses, collectively possessing a processing capacity of approximately 7 billion standard cubic feet per day (BSCFD). Additionally, more than 100 companies operate as gas utilization entities on the gas transportation network. Furthermore, the study underscores that separating role between producers and suppliers, established through mandatory custody transfer from upstream production to midstream operations, will facilitate the development of gas resources and ensure a guaranteed availability of gas going forward. The paper highlights the positive impact of the unbundling of the licensing system across the value chain, fiscal incentives in the midstream sector, and the implementation of various value addition programs. These measures are identified as crucial elements that will create opportunities for increased investment and participation, ultimately enhancing gas utilization within the country and contributing to the economic growth of Nigeria.