Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Wodyetia bifurcata fruit peel extract: multifaceted potential in wound healing, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer applications

This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) derived from <i>W. bifurcata</i> fruit peel extract. ZnONPs are frequently synthesized utilizing a green technique that is both cost-effective and ecologically friendly. ZnONPs were characterized utilizing analytical techniques. Ultra Violet visible (UV-Vis) spectra showed peaks at 364 nm, confirming the production of ZnONPs. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis indicated that the nanoparticles generated were spherical/agglomerated, with diameters ranging from 11 to 25 nm. FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the particular functional groups responsible for the nanoparticles' reduction, stabilization, and capping. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed that flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and resins were present. The antibacterial activity of <i>W. bifurcata</i> synthesised nanoparticles was evaluated against pathogenic bacteria. The ZnONPs antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH assay. The <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity was assessed against prostate cancer PC3 cells. The wound healing potential was assessed by employing <i>in vitro</i> scratch assay and <i>in vivo</i> excision model in Wistar rats. Because of its environmentally benign production, low toxicity, and biocompatibility, ZnONPs exhibited potential antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and wound healing activities, indicating that they could be used in cancer treatment and wound management. Further study is required to examine the fundamental mechanisms and evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the test sample in clinical situations.