Charland resilience: Agroforestry innovations as nature-based solutions for climate-vulnerable communities in Bangladesh

The study emphasizes the need for sustainable solutions in highly vulnerable regions such as Bangladesh's charlands, where climate hazards are rising. Agroforestry has promise for resilience, climate mitigation, and livelihoods improvement in these difficult terrains. The study sheds light on charland ecosystem dynamics by analyzing demographic characteristics, disaster magnitudes, vulnerability assessments, agroforestry developments, and agroforestry's role as a nature-based solution (NBS). The key findings emphasize the necessity of incorporating agroforestry into national policies and practices to boost resilience, sustainable development, and climate change mitigation for vulnerable communities. Agroforestry innovations including flood-tolerant tree planting, multi-strata systems, fruit tree integration, and community-based efforts can improve livelihoods and address environmental issues. Agroforestry has great promise, but insect pests, diseases, competition for resources, and a lack of quality planting supplies and training persist. Targeted interventions, capacity-building, and policy support are needed to disseminate sustainable land management practices. Agroforestry can transform charland communities' resilience, the study provides actionable insights and policy recommendations to inform sustainable development strategies in Bangladesh and other climate-vulnerable regions. In its entirety, the research highlights the significant capacity of agroforestry to enhance the resilience of charland communities. These steps outlined above can contribute to the formulation of sustainable development strategies, not only in Bangladesh but also in similar climate-vulnerable areas worldwide. Through the utilization of nature-based solutions such as agroforestry, we may strive towards constructing a future that is more robust and environmentally friendly for marginalized people across the globe.