Seismic response of column‐supported silos considering granular–structure interaction

Abstract To predict the seismic response of column‐supported silos (CSSs), the granular–structure interaction (GSI) analysis method is proposed with considering the combined effect of the friction between the particles–particles and the particles–silo wall. Using free‐body dynamic equilibrium equations, we reconstruct the mutual interactions between different grain portions and between the grains and the silo wall to develop the ideal calculation model of the CSS structure. Based on the analysis model, additional dynamic overpressure and the effective mass caused by the stored content interacting with the silo wall is obtained with different slenderness ratios and peak accelerations. The additional bending moment caused by the friction between the particles and silo wall is further quantified. To verify the reliability of the proposed method, we discuss some applicative examples by comparing the GSI method with other theories, Eurocode 8, and experimental results. Moreover, the along‐the‐height acceleration profiles of the silo wall and the ensiled content are analyzed according to the shaking‐table tests. The results show that the GSI method can match Janssen's theory well in the case of static pressure at slenderness ratios exceeding 1.0. The overpressure profiles along the height of the silo wall follow a nonlinear distribution, different from Eurocode 8. The bending moment obtained by predictive formulas agrees well with the experimental results for the CSS, indicating that the GSI method is reasonable. Some design and construction recommendations, including the maximum overpressure position, the reference range of the dynamic overpressure coefficient, and the reduction factors of the ensiled content mass, are proposed to facilitate the engineering applications of CSSs, considering different slenderness ratios.