Strong service orientations and fostering self-sufficiency: How librarians approach reference work in Lahore, Pakistan

Orientations to reference and information service are the values, attitudes, and beliefs that librarians have about reference work. These orientations reveal the cognitive and emotional aspects of the work to complement the behavioral aspects that have been extensively studied. In this Q methodology study, the orientations to reference and information service of 22 librarians in Lahore were studied. Librarians sorted statements about reference and information service and explained their rationale. Card sorts were analyzed statistically, and interviews provided qualitative data to interpret the quantitative findings. The orientations of these librarians include two strong service orientations—one focusing on providing information and the other on communicating well—an orientation focused on fostering user self-sufficiency, and a possible orientation on inspiring users. These orientations reflect to some extent the literature on reference and information service and previous studies of librarians conducted in other countries. The unique nuances of these orientations, however, demonstrate the importance of continuing to study the orientations of librarians in different regions and cultures. These findings have implications for research, LIS education, and practice relevant to scholars and practitioners in all countries.