Lifshitz Transition in a Single-Atom-Thick Gd_<i>x</i>Yb_1–<i>x</i>Pb₃ Kagome Compound on Si(111)

Lanthanide (Ln) elements Gd and Yb alloyed with a Pb monolayer on the Si(111) substrate form LnPb₃ compounds having the same crystal structure. They comprise a single-atom-thick Pb layer arranged in a slightly distorted kagome lattice with Ln atoms filling the hexagonal voids. They have similar electronic band structures except for the Fermi level position, which varies between the divalent Yb- and trivalent Gd-containing compounds by ∼0.47 eV. The ability to create a 2D solid solution with the unified continuous Pb layer and hexagonal voids randomly filled with either Gd or Yb atoms allows precise control of the Fermi level position. Small alteration of the Fermi level triggers drastic changes in the Fermi surface topology due to the Lifshitz transition, hence in the physical properties. In particular, the sheet resistance of the Gd_<i>x</i>Yb_1-<i>x</i>Pb₃/Si(111) system can be controllably varied over an order of magnitude range.