Advancements in siRNA delivery using nanotechnology for reproductive tract cancers: From targeting to enhancing treatment efficacy

Cancers of the reproductive system, which include those of the cervix, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina, are major global health concerns. Even with improvements in traditional therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy, managing these tumors is still difficult, frequently associated with side effects, and has limited effectiveness. Targeted cancer therapy now has better options, thanks to the development of small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) as a potentially effective therapeutic procedure through the ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) technique in recent years. Nevertheless, there are many challenges in the clinical translation of siRNA, especially in terms of delivering drugs effectively to tumor-specific areas while reducing off-target effects. Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative perspective that could show a promising approach for providing a revolutionary solution to the problems related to siRNA delivery. By carefully crafting nanocarriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and lipid nanoparticles, scientists have made incredible strides toward improving the bioavailability, stability, efficacy, and selectivity of siRNA treatments. Furthermore, due to their customizable characteristics, nanocarriers could be used to target specific tumors of the reproductive tract, enhancing the effectiveness of the treatment by taking advantage of tumor-specific indicators and microenvironments. In this review, we will summarize and delve into leveraging the synergistic benefits of targeted delivery and enhanced therapeutic potency using the RNAi technique. These innovative strategies hold immense potential to reshape the treatment landscape, offering new hope for patients with these devastating reproductive tract malignancies.