Outer membrane vesicles of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> DS002 carry circular DNA similar to bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs) and SPHINX 2.36 and probably play a role in interdomain lateral gene transfer

Several independent studies have demonstrated the existence of replication competent circular DNA molecules of bacterial and viral origin in mammalian cells and tissues. However, studies about their origin and lateral mobility to mammalian cells are scarce. Our work describes the existence of circular DNA, similar to that of DNA molecules identified in mammalian cells, OMVs derived from soil isolate of <i>A. baumannii</i> DS002. Furthermore, the work also provides visual evidence that demonstrates the passage of labeled OMVs to different organs of experimental mice within hours after intravenously administering OMVs into experimental mice. Some of the labeled OMVs have even crossed the membrane of Neuro2A, suggesting the existence of interkingdom horizontal mobility between bacteria and mammals.