Quantum Computing for High-Energy Physics: State of the Art and Challenges

Quantum computers offer an intriguing path for a paradigmatic change of computing in the natural sciences and beyond, with the potential for achieving a so-called quantum advantage—namely, a significant (in some cases exponential) speedup of numerical simulations. The rapid development of hardware devices with various realizations of qubits enables the execution of small-scale but representative applications on quantum computers. In particular, the high-energy physics community plays a pivotal role in accessing the power of quantum computing, since the field is a driving source for challenging computational problems. This concerns, on the theoretical side, the exploration of models that are very hard or even impossible to address with classical techniques and, on the experimental side, the enormous data challenge of newly emerging experiments, such as the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider. In this Roadmap paper, led by CERN, DESY, and IBM, we provide the status of high-energy physics quantum computations and give examples of theoretical and experimental target benchmark applications, which can be addressed in the near future. Having in mind hardware with about 100 qubits capable of executing several thousand two-qubit gates, where possible, we also provide resource estimates for the examples given using error-mitigated quantum computing. The ultimate declared goal of this task force is therefore to trigger further research in the high-energy physics community to develop interesting use cases for demonstrations on near-term quantum computers. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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Publication Details

Journal
PRX Quantum
Published
2024-08-05
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.037001
Citations
160
Primary Topic
Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
54.89

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Quantum Computing for High-Energy Physics: State of the Art and Challenges

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PRX Quantum
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Quantum Computing for High-Energy Physics: State of the Art and Challenges

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article en
160 citations

Abstract

Quantum computers offer an intriguing path for a paradigmatic change of computing in the natural sciences and beyond, with the potential for achieving a so-called quantum advantage—namely, a significant (in some cases exponential) speedup of numerical simulations. The rapid development of hardware devices with various realizations of qubits enables the execution of small-scale but representative applications on quantum computers. In particular, the high-energy physics community plays a pivotal role in accessing the power of quantum computing, since the field is a driving source for challenging computational problems. This concerns, on the theoretical side, the exploration of models that are very hard or even impossible to address with classical techniques and, on the experimental side, the enormous data challenge of newly emerging experiments, such as the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider. In this Roadmap paper, led by CERN, DESY, and IBM, we provide the status of high-energy physics quantum computations and give examples of theoretical and experimental target benchmark applications, which can be addressed in the near future. Having in mind hardware with about 100 qubits capable of executing several thousand two-qubit gates, where possible, we also provide resource estimates for the examples given using error-mitigated quantum computing. The ultimate declared goal of this task force is therefore to trigger further research in the high-energy physics community to develop interesting use cases for demonstrations on near-term quantum computers. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

PRX QuantumVol. 5(3)
Ikerbasque (ES), Leibniz University Hannover (DE), University of Bern (CH), Leiden University (NL), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (DE), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US), IBM (United States) (US), University of Bonn (DE), Austrian Academy of Sciences (AT), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), Cyprus Institute (CY), University of Waterloo (CA), Universidad de Oviedo (ES), University of the Basque Country (ES), University of Milan (IT), Universität Innsbruck (AT), York University (CA), University of Trento (IT), Brookhaven National Laboratory (US), Université Paris-Saclay (FR), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY (DE), Maastricht University (NL), University of Cyprus (CY), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics And Applications (IT), National Institute for Subatomic Physics (NL), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (IT), IBM Research - Zurich (CH), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (FR), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (FR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (IT), Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (DE), Advanced Materials and Technologies (Slovenia) (SI), Instituto Superior Técnico (PT), Donostia International Physics Center (ES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH), The University of Tokyo (JP), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE), RWTH Aachen University (DE)
CERN, European Commission, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, University of Tokyo, Centre for Quantum Technologies, QuantERA, HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 0%
Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
54.89
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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