Implications of nanotherapeutic advancements to leverage multi-drug resistant breast cancer: The state-of-the-art review

Globally, cancer is regarded as a severe health issue. Among these is breast cancer (BC), the second most common kind in women after skin cancer. According to statistical data from the NIH Cancer Institute, the expected number of cases was around 3 lakh people, with a 7.1 % fatality rate. The rise of multidrug resistance (MDR) in British Columbia is a severe issue as it lowers the effectiveness of existing treatments. Traditional MDR treatment approaches in BC have a number of drawbacks, including toxicity, high cost, early discharge, restricted drug load before target, and poor effectiveness. Preventing MDR BC has depended heavily on developing innovative therapy delivery methods utilizing nanomedicine and new approaches to diagnosing and treating BC. This review discusses MDR in BC and its pathophysiology in relation to tumor kinetics. It focuses on the latest therapeutic approaches over the traditional methods like Surgery, Chemotherapy, Nanomedicine, Phototherapy, Immunotherapy, and Gene therapy. It also describes diagnostic techniques using MRI/PET, Mammography, Microwave Sensing, In-silico methods, Molecular diagnostic techniques, and AI-machine learning-based tools. It also discussed the limitations of nanoparticles in diagnosing and treating BC. This review article aims to identify new and efficient ways to diagnose and treat MDR BC and prevent tumor recurrence.