Disseminated Infection with Aspergillus fumigatus in a Scarlet Macaw Parrot (Ara macao)—A Case Report

A 3-year-old male scarlet macaw parrot (<i>Ara macao</i>) was presented to the Exotic Animal Clinic at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences (Iași, Romania) for its postmortem examination. According to the owner, the parrot had been raised only in captivity and after 5 days of inappetence, lethargy, and mild respiratory clinical signs, the parrot died. The post mortem examination revealed various-sized granulomas and caseous plaques in the lungs, air sacs, spleen, intestinal serosa, and liver. Microscopically, the granulomas were characterized by a necrotic center and the infiltration of numerous multinucleated giant cells and epithelioid-like cells and by the presence of hyphae typical of <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. Moreover, in the liver tissue, a diffuse inflammation, with numerous fungal hyphae, was noted. The fungal culture and the PCR assay allowed for the isolation and identification of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> from the lung and liver samples. The macroscopical lesions and the histopathological findings, with the fungal isolation and molecular confirmation of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> by nested PCR, provided the basis for the diagnosis of disseminated aspergillosis. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first report of disseminated infection caused by <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> in a scarlet macaw parrot (<i>Ara macao</i>).