DESI 2024 VI: cosmological constraints from the measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations
Abstract We present cosmological results from the measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in galaxy, quasar and Lyman- α forest tracers from the first year of observations from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), to be released in the DESI Data Release 1. DESI BAO provide robust measurements of the transverse comoving distance and Hubble rate, or their combination, relative to the sound horizon, in seven redshift bins from over 6 million extragalactic objects in the redshift range 0.1 < z < 4.2. To mitigate confirmation bias, a blind analysis was implemented to measure the BAO scales. DESI BAO data alone are consistent with the standard flat ΛCDM cosmological model with a matter density Ω m =0.295±0.015. Paired with a baryon density prior from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the robustly measured acoustic angular scale from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), DESI requires H 0 =(68.52±0.62) km s -1 Mpc -1 . In conjunction with CMB anisotropies from Planck and CMB lensing data from Planck and ACT, we find Ω m =0.307± 0.005 and H 0 =(67.97±0.38) km s -1 Mpc -1 . Extending the baseline model with a constant dark energy equation of state parameter w , DESI BAO alone require w =-0.99 +0.15 -0.13 . In models with a time-varying dark energy equation of state parametrised by w 0 and w a , combinations of DESI with CMB or with type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) individually prefer w 0 > -1 and w a < 0. This preference is 2.6 σ for the DESI+CMB combination, and persists or grows when SN Ia are added in, giving results discrepant with the ΛCDM model at the 2.5 σ , 3.5 σ or 3.9 σ levels for the addition of the Pantheon+, Union3, or DES-SN5YR supernova datasets respectively. For the flat ΛCDM model with the sum of neutrino mass ∑ m ν free, combining the DESI and CMB data yields an upper limit ∑ m ν < 0.072 (0.113) eV at 95% confidence for a ∑ m ν > 0 (∑ m ν > 0.059) eV prior. These neutrino-mass constraints are substantially relaxed if the background dynamics are allowed to deviate from flat ΛCDM.
Authors
- D. Kirkby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8828-5463)
- R. Canning
- Ting-Wen Lan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-7020)
- Vid Iršič (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-461X)
- C. Ravoux
- Dustin Lang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1172-0754)
- Daniel Margala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5897-1956)
- C. García-Quintero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-4294)
- Abhijeet Anand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1585)
- P. Fagrelius
- Rongpu Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-4372)
- Paul Martini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-4182)
- Michele Pinon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-5531)
- Michael Walther (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-3745)
- A. G. Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3712-6892)
- Apurba Bera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2864-4110)
- E. Chaussidon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-4874)
- A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-0148)
- N. Findlay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0716-3477)
- C. Poppett
- G. Niz
- S. Juneau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-2394)
- Ting S. Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9110-6163)
- R. Miquel
- N. Deiosso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4506)
- Graziano Rossi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5102-5019)
- S. Trusov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2414-6720)
- Alejandro Avilés (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-3986)
- D. Gruen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-7644)
- S. Ferraro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2658-297X)
- Eva-Maria Mueller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4536-1999)
- S. Kent (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-7420)
- Florian Beutler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-5438)
- N. Palanque‐Delabrouille (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3188-784X)
- S. Nadathur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-3102)
- H. K. Herrera-Alcantar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9609)
- Violeta González-Pérez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9938-2755)
- S. Moore
- E. Armengaud (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-3986)
- Jeffrey A. Newman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8684-2222)
- A. Slosar
- J. Ereza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0194-4017)
- Gregory Tarlé (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1704-0781)
- Kyle Dawson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0553-3805)
- L. Napolitano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-8671)
- Constance M. Rockosi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6667-7028)
- Andreu Font-Ribera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-7312)
- Shi-Fan Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5762-6405)
- Jorge L. Cervantes–Cota (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-6786)
- A. G. Adame (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0594-9391)
- Robert Blum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8622-4237)
- José Edgar Madriz Aguilar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8146-0882)
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- David J. Schlegel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5042-5088)
- Ignasi Pérez-Ràfols (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-0125)
- Axel de la Macorra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-1640)
- S. Bailey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4162-6619)
- Héctor Gil-Marín (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0265-6217)
- A. Bault (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-1005)
- Ting Zhuang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6308-1253)
- E. Linder
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- Alex Krolewski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-7021)
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- Lado Samushia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1609-5687)
- Benedict Bahr-Kalus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-4019)
- D Huterer
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- Nikhil Padmanabhan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2885-8602)
- Anthony Kremin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6356-7424)
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- Satya Gontcho A Gontcho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-233X)
- Shadab Alam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3757-6359)
- J. Mena-Fernández (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-7266)
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- K. Fanning (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-2663)
- A. Carnero Rosell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3044-5150)
- Cheng Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-7295)
- J. Rich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-5078)
- ENRIQUE GAZTAÑAGA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-0815)
- Daniel J. Eisenstein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-3121)
- A. de Mattia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-2947)
- Martin White (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9912-5070)
- Andrei Cuceu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2169-0595)
- X. Chen
- Joseph Harry Silber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-0320)
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- Aaron Meisner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7384)
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- Pauline Zarrouk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-9578)
- W. J. Percival
- M. Schubnell
- Solène Chabanier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5692-5243)
- Biprateep Dey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-7912)
- S. Ramírez-Solano
- A. Leauthaud
- Mehdi Rezaie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5589-7116)
- D. M. Alexander (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-6313)
- M. Rashkovetskyi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7144-2349)
- A. Dey
- Cullen H. Blake (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5423-5919)
- C. Ramírez-Pérez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1258-9353)
- R. Kehoe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-697X)
- K. Honscheid
- Risa H. Wechsler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2229-011X)
- John Moustakas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-4559)
- Rafaela Gsponer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7540-7601)
- Z. Ding (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-3718)
- D. Forero-Sánchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5957-332X)
- Jian Pan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6845-8486)
- U. Andrade (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4118-8236)
- Patrick McDonald (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8346-8394)
- E. Buckley‐Geer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3304-0733)
- Mustapha Ishak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6024-466X)
- L. Medina-Varela
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- R. Cereskaite
- M. S. Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2652-4043)
- Hanyu Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6847-5254)
- Hee‐Jong Seo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6588-3508)
- Jiaxi Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7217-8006)
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- Ying‐Cheng Lai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0723-733X)
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- R. Calderón (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8215-7292)
- V. Ruhlmann-Kleider (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6063-6121)
- A. Raichoor
- K. Lodha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2558-5655)
- Hu Zou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6684-3997)
- Boryana Hadzhiyska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2312-3121)
- Richard Neveux
- P. Doel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-4457)
- B. Flaugher
- J.M. Le Goff
- Sarah Eftekharzadeh
- M. Hanif (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2583-5006)
- C. Saulder
- A. X. Gonzalez-Morales
- D. Brooks
- S. Penmetsa
- R. Vaisakh
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- T. M. Davis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4213-8783)
- C. Magneville
- ChangHoon Hahn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-0902)
- S. Àvila (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5043-3662)
- Y. Yu
- E. Burtin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-5145)
- F. Prada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7145-8674)
- A. Elliott
- H. Awan
- B. Wang
- J. Behera
- D. Rabinowitz
- D. Sprayberry
Institutions
- Boston University (US)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (IN)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Space Telescope Science Institute (US)
- Universidad de Guanajuato (MX)
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- Universities Space Research Association (US)
- Berkeley College (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Universidad de La Laguna (ES)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Southern Methodist University (US)
- Ilia State University (GE)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Perimeter Institute (CA)
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Institute for High Energy Physics (ES)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Kansas State University (US)
- Durham University (GB)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Berkeley City College (US)
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KR)
- Regional Municipality of Waterloo (CA)
- Sejong University (KR)
- Sussex County Community College (US)
- Institute for Advanced Study (US)
- National Solar Observatory (US)
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (ES)
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (US)
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille (FR)
- Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KR)
- Menlo School (US)
- Institut Català de Ciències del Clima (ES)
- Stanford Health Care (US)
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (FR)
- Lickenbrock (US)
- Indiana Cancer Consortium (US)
- Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics (UZ)
- Michigan United (US)
- Astrobiology Center (JP)
- Wyoming Department of Education (US)
- Château Gombert (FR)
- Unidades Centrales Científico-Técnicas (ES)
- Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ES)
- Institut für Urheber- und Medienrecht (DE)
- CEA Paris-Saclay (FR)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- UC Irvine Health (US)
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (FR)
- Mylan (Switzerland) (CH)
- Excellence Cluster Universe (DE)
- Institute of Nuclear Physics of Lyon (FR)
- Abiola Ajimobi Technical University Ibadan (NG)
- Secretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación (MX)
- National Astronomical Observatories (CN)
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (FR)
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (ES)
- State Library of Ohio (US)
- University College London (GB)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- University of Rochester (US)
- Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
- University of Portsmouth (GB)
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (MX)
- Beihang University (CN)
- Universidad Intercontinental (MX)
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
- Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
- Siena College (US)
- Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (NL)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
- Stanford University (US)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- Brookhaven College (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
- Published
- 2025-02-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/02/021
- Citations
- 805
- Primary Topic
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 875.32
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
- Office of Science
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos
- Division of Astronomical Sciences
- High Energy Physics
- Integrated Electronics Engineering Center, Binghamton University
- Fermilab