Vulnerability analysis of transformer-based optical character recognition to adversarial attacks

We present a novel framework to assess the resilience of state-of-the-art transformer-based optical character recognition (TrOCR) models. In this way, we develop new untargeted and targeted attack algorithms. On a benchmark handwriting dataset, we show that adversarial perturbations to the input reveal dramatic vulnerabilities without being noticeable to the eye. This article is part of the theme issue 'Safe, secure and robust AI for safety-critical systems'.

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Publication Details

Journal
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences
Published
2026-07-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2025.0127
Primary Topic
Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Vulnerability analysis of transformer-based optical character recognition to adversarial attacks

Desmond J. Higham, Lucas Beerens
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences
Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
article

Vulnerability analysis of transformer-based optical character recognition to adversarial attacks

Desmond J. Higham, Lucas Beerens
article en

Abstract

We present a novel framework to assess the resilience of state-of-the-art transformer-based optical character recognition (TrOCR) models. In this way, we develop new untargeted and targeted attack algorithms. On a benchmark handwriting dataset, we show that adversarial perturbations to the input reveal dramatic vulnerabilities without being noticeable to the eye. This article is part of the theme issue 'Safe, secure and robust AI for safety-critical systems'.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering SciencesVol. 384(2324)
University of Edinburgh (GB)
Leverhulme Trust, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Openalex Percentile: Top 100%
Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
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