Engineering Non-Linear Decay Dynamics: Pulse-Level Control and Software-Defined Qubit Rescue on Superconducting Processors

The scalability of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices is currently constrained by material defects, specifically Two-Level Systems (TLS) that induce resonant decoherence in superconducting qubits. This study presents a comprehensive experimental analysis using the IBM Quantum ibm_fez processor to demonstrate "Software-Defined Hardware" optimization. By employing a novel "Instruction-Level Calibration Injection" technique, we bypass standard compiler constraints to inject continuous off-resonant AC Stark drives ($N_{shots} = 4096$). Methodology The experiment utilizes a Floquet engineering approach to perform pulse-level Hamiltonian engineering. We implement custom instruction-level calibrations to apply continuous off-resonant AC Stark drives, effectively modifying the qubit frequency to avoid resonant interactions with defect states. Key Findings The application of this protocol yielded three primary results: Spectral Decoupling: Successfully restored Ramsey fringes in a defect-limited qubit (Q150), achieving a coherence time of $T_2^* \approx 6.36 \: \mu\text{s}$. Protocol Benchmarking: The "Stark Rescue" protocol demonstrated a statistical advantage over standard CPMG dynamical decoupling. It extended coherence time by 11.3% ($T_2^{Stark} = 8.17 \: \mu\text{s}$ vs. $T_2^{CPMG} = 7.34 \: \mu\text{s}$; $p = 0.042$, Bootstrap t-test). Topological Simulation: Digital simulation of a topological domain wall under engineered correlated noise revealed a sigmoidal stability threshold ($SSE \approx 0.0008$), significantly outperforming standard exponential models ($SSE \approx 0.0085$). Conclusion These results confirm that pulse-level Hamiltonian engineering can effectively reclaim compromised hardware resources on current NISQ platforms. Keywords NISQ, Superconducting Qubits, Two-Level Systems (TLS), Floquet Engineering, AC Stark Effect, IBM Quantum, Dynamical Decoupling, Quantum Control.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2025-12-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18067974
Citations
730
Primary Topic
Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Type
article
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article

Engineering Non-Linear Decay Dynamics: Pulse-Level Control and Software-Defined Qubit Rescue on Superconducting Processors

730 citations
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
article

Engineering Non-Linear Decay Dynamics: Pulse-Level Control and Software-Defined Qubit Rescue on Superconducting Processors

article en
730 citations

Abstract

The scalability of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices is currently constrained by material defects, specifically Two-Level Systems (TLS) that induce resonant decoherence in superconducting qubits. This study presents a comprehensive experimental analysis using the IBM Quantum ibm_fez processor to demonstrate "Software-Defined Hardware" optimization. By employing a novel "Instruction-Level Calibration Injection" technique, we bypass standard compiler constraints to inject continuous off-resonant AC Stark drives ($N_{shots} = 4096$). Methodology The experiment utilizes a Floquet engineering approach to perform pulse-level Hamiltonian engineering. We implement custom instruction-level calibrations to apply continuous off-resonant AC Stark drives, effectively modifying the qubit frequency to avoid resonant interactions with defect states. Key Findings The application of this protocol yielded three primary results: Spectral Decoupling: Successfully restored Ramsey fringes in a defect-limited qubit (Q150), achieving a coherence time of $T_2^* \approx 6.36 \: \mu\text{s}$. Protocol Benchmarking: The "Stark Rescue" protocol demonstrated a statistical advantage over standard CPMG dynamical decoupling. It extended coherence time by 11.3% ($T_2^{Stark} = 8.17 \: \mu\text{s}$ vs. $T_2^{CPMG} = 7.34 \: \mu\text{s}$; $p = 0.042$, Bootstrap t-test). Topological Simulation: Digital simulation of a topological domain wall under engineered correlated noise revealed a sigmoidal stability threshold ($SSE \approx 0.0008$), significantly outperforming standard exponential models ($SSE \approx 0.0085$). Conclusion These results confirm that pulse-level Hamiltonian engineering can effectively reclaim compromised hardware resources on current NISQ platforms. Keywords NISQ, Superconducting Qubits, Two-Level Systems (TLS), Floquet Engineering, AC Stark Effect, IBM Quantum, Dynamical Decoupling, Quantum Control.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Harvard University (US), Quantum Technologies (Sweden) (SE)
Sustainable cities and communities
Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
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