Search for dark matter from the center of the Earth with 10 years of IceCube data

Abstract The nature of dark matter remains unresolved in fundamental physics. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which could explain the nature of dark matter, can be captured by celestial bodies like the Sun or Earth, leading to enhanced self-annihilation into Standard Model particles including neutrinos detectable by neutrino telescopes such as the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. This article presents a search for muon neutrinos from the center of the Earth performed with 10 years of IceCube data using a track-like event selection. We considered a number of WIMP annihilation channels ( $$\chi \chi \rightarrow \tau ^+\tau ^-$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> / $$W^+W^-$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> / $$b\bar{b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) and masses ranging from 10 GeV to 10 TeV. No significant excess over background due to a dark matter signal was found while the most significant result corresponds to the annihilation channel $$\chi \chi \rightarrow b\bar{b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for the mass $$m_{\chi }=250$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>250</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV with a post-trial significance of $$1.06\sigma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1.06</mml:mn> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Our results are competitive with previous such searches and direct detection experiments. Our upper limits on the spin-independent WIMP scattering are world-leading among neutrino telescopes for WIMP masses $$m_{\chi }&gt;100$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>100</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV.

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Journal
The European Physical Journal C
Published
2025-05-05
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14144-7
Citations
4
Primary Topic
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
5.61

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article

Search for dark matter from the center of the Earth with 10 years of IceCube data

S. Griffin, Delaney Butterfield, L. Köpke, Kiara Carloni et al.
4 citations
The European Physical Journal C
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
5.61
article

Search for dark matter from the center of the Earth with 10 years of IceCube data

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article en
4 citations

Abstract

Abstract The nature of dark matter remains unresolved in fundamental physics. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which could explain the nature of dark matter, can be captured by celestial bodies like the Sun or Earth, leading to enhanced self-annihilation into Standard Model particles including neutrinos detectable by neutrino telescopes such as the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. This article presents a search for muon neutrinos from the center of the Earth performed with 10 years of IceCube data using a track-like event selection. We considered a number of WIMP annihilation channels ( $$\chi \chi \rightarrow \tau ^+\tau ^-$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> / $$W^+W^-$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> / $$b\bar{b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) and masses ranging from 10 GeV to 10 TeV. No significant excess over background due to a dark matter signal was found while the most significant result corresponds to the annihilation channel $$\chi \chi \rightarrow b\bar{b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for the mass $$m_{\chi }=250$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>250</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV with a post-trial significance of $$1.06\sigma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1.06</mml:mn> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Our results are competitive with previous such searches and direct detection experiments. Our upper limits on the spin-independent WIMP scattering are world-leading among neutrino telescopes for WIMP masses $$m_{\chi }&gt;100$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>100</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV.

The European Physical Journal CVol. 85(5)
Marquette University (US), University of Geneva (CH), Uppsala University (SE), University of Copenhagen (DK), Georgia Institute of Technology (US), Pennsylvania State University (US), Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE), University of Nevada, Reno (US), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE), University of Wisconsin–Madison (US), University of Padua (IT), University of Kansas (US), University of Alaska Anchorage (US), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), University of Alberta (CA), Chiba University (JP), Stockholm University (SE), University of Wuppertal (DE), University of Alabama (US), Simon Fraser University (CA), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (US), University of Canterbury (NZ), The University of Texas at Arlington (US), Loyola University Chicago (US), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE), TU Dortmund University (DE), Queen's University (CA), University of Utah (US), University of Münster (DE), Mercer University Health Sciences Center (US), Harvard University Press (US), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY (DE), University of California System (US), Yale University (US), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE), University of Oxford (GB), Institute of Particle Physics (CA), The Ohio State University (US), University of Rochester (US), The University of Adelaide (AU), Stony Brook University (US), Technical University of Munich (DE), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US), Chalmers University of Technology (SE), University of Maryland, College Park (US), Chung-Ang University (KR), Drexel University (US), The University of Tokyo (JP), Southern University (BD), Columbia University (US), Academia Sinica (TW), Sungkyunkwan University (KR), University of Delaware (US), Michigan State University (US), RWTH Aachen University (DE), Ruhr University Bochum (DE), UCLouvain (BE)
National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Nvidia, Michigan State University, Villum Fonden, Polarforskningssekretariatet, Marquette University, Western Canada Research Grid, European Commission, National Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, National Research Foundation of Korea, Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse, Vetenskapsrådet, RWTH Aachen University, Chiba University, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics, Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Marsden Fund, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Office of Polar Programs, Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure, Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
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