Estimation of thrust in the construction of small-diameter tunnels using pipe-jacking

The major purpose of this study is to find a way to predict the thrusts in using pipe-jacking. In pipe-jacking, the performance of the mud slurry plays important roles in the pushing process. The thrusts in pipe-jacking can be predicted accurately by using the initial thrusts and the resistance between the mud slurry and the concrete pipes.