Monitoring: Evaluation of stresses in the lining of the Second Heinenoord Tunnel

During the construction of the Second Heinenoord Tunnel, in the Netherlands, an extensive monitoring program of research and experiments was executed. Part of this was related to the development of stresses and strains in a tunnel in soft soil. The monitoring information with respect to the deformation, and stresses in the tunnel lining of the Second Heinenoord tunnel have been back-analysed and evaluated using 2- dimensional and 3-dimensional Finite Element analysis. An inventory of unfavourable deformations and damage to the lining has led to the development of a stochastic model, relating the assembly of lining segments in a ring to deformations and stresses. Measurement and evaluation of assembly stresses with 3D Finite Element analysis has shown the potential for a step forward in the innovative design of tunnel linings.