Macro-Level Interventions in Disasters: Theoretical Foundations for Improving Mental Health Outcomes

This article will examine macro interventions to improve mental health outcomes in disaster. Two major theories, resilience theory and vulnerability-plus theory, will be reviewed and shown to be the foundation of related theoretical frameworks for disaster mental health interventions. Additionally, it will be shown that access to resources through empowerment, a holistic approach at the generalist level, an ecological framework, and a respect for diversity are central concerns in disaster social work for improving mental health outcomes. The main goal of this article is to review the theoretical frameworks used for disaster mental health interventions, with a special focus on vulnerability and resilience theories. Theories of community and political engagement, resilience, and social capital will be examined as the frameworks for mental health interventions. The main finding from this review of the literature is that improving the quality of disaster resources and providing increased access to these resources will help prevent mental health disorders by limiting disaster losses.